Theodore Roosevelts the Threat of Japan - 1630 Words

Document: Theodore Roosevelt: The Threat of Japan, 1909 [At Mt. Holyoke] Introduction: For my history assignment, I chose the document â€Å"Theodore Roosevelt’s The Threat of Japan†. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, modernization took place, bringing Japan to the height of power equivalent to a western power after defeating both China and Russia. United States was maintaining its policy of isolationism but was slowly transitioning to self interest imperialism, keeping control over countries with economic benefit such as open door policy with China. A summary of this article would be Roosevelt’s changing ideas of how US should change their foreign policy with regard to the dynamic change in the balance of world powers in 1909. My†¦show more content†¦Paragraph 3: Japan’s immigration problems Since the opening of Japan from its self imposed seclusion policy in 1854, scholars have studied aboard to acquire Western teachings. The immigration problem manifested once Japanese started immigrating to Hawaii, Canada and US motivated by economic gains and evasion of military services. In the year 1900 alone, 12000 Japanese entered United States and by 1910 the population trebled to a total of 72,517. Although this bought a solution to their demand of cheap labour, another set of problems arise in the form of economic, racial and anti-Japanese agitation. Examples included would be San Francisco School Board implemented segregation of education school between Japanese and American children, and â€Å"California legislature passing offensive legislation aiming at Japanese†. This background knowledge is coherent in identifying the social problems such as a â€Å"race problem and contest† is forecasted if nothing is done to keep them out. He understands that his people will not permit the Japanese to come in â€Å"as citizens and will not tolerate their presences.† US experienced widespread anti-Japanese sentiments and this is supported from evidence that Roosevelt received insults such as â€Å"an unpatriotic President, who united with aliens to break down the civilization of his own countrymen† by San Francisco Chronicle when he decided to back Japan up against

The Mental Health Care Of Syrian Refugees - 2203 Words

The Mental Health Care of Syrian Refugees and the Improvements Needed The Syrian Civil War has left millions of Syrian civilians as refugees in foreign lands. Most of these Syrian refugees have seen or experienced horrific acts of violence because of the war. Many of these refugees are now experiencing mental health problems because of the things they have experienced. Most of them have never seen a mental health care professional and the few that have are few and far between. Until recently the mental health care of these individuals was not considered, but has recently come to the forefront of the medical field’s attention. The mental health care of Syrian refugees is improving but still has a long way to go. There are many strides being made to treat and care for their mental health but many still have not received treatment, and this must become a priority. Improvements Being Made Though their mental health care has not been considered a priority to very many until recently, some strides have already been to help Syrian refugees. There are several obstacles being faced by mental health professionals to help the refugees. Many of these obstacles are cultural, but can dissolve if professionals that understand Syrian culture are involved (Acarturk et al., 2015, Cultural Sensitivity Section, par. 1). The mental health professionals involved also need to not only understand Syrian culture but take their values into consideration. A successful group consulted leadersShow MoreRelatedInsecurity, Distress And Mental Health752 Words   |  4 Pages Hermosilla, S., Sancilio, A. and Ager, A. (2017), Insecurity, distress and mental health: experimental and randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis. 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Social obligation of business Free Essays

There were arguments that obligation of business is to maximize long term profit for shareholders In a sustainable way, while others call them to Involve more to social responses. Each judgment has its own reasons which this research sought to analyze. Based on that, certain social obligations of business will be addressed with evidences, showing their necessary of being more responsible to social outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Social obligation of business or any similar topic only for you Order Now Key words: corporate social obligation, shareholders, corporate profit, social responslblllty Introduction There has been a long debate on the role of business in society. Some people agreed with argument of: â€Å"The social obligation of business is to sustainably maximize long-term profits for shareholders. Nothing more. Nothing less† . However, others judge: â€Å"Business has a key role to play in combating issue like climate change, since the traditional response of many environmentalists and governments (namely, to encourage behavioral and attitudinal change amongst the general population) Is not enough in itself to ultimately produce desired environmental outcomes† . Different Judgments have their own reasons based on appropriate grounds. My view Is that business should ensure long term profit and stable operation while promote applying CSR practices into their daily operation for better performance. Companies today are confronting intense pressures to address social concerns and it is undeniable that socially Irresponsible businesses may lose their competitive advantage . Corporate Social Responslblllty (CSR) Definition Since 1920s, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) started to be discussed. However, due to the Great Depression economics and World War II, business leaders did not discuss about it seriously until the 1950s. The definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) varies between businesses and possibly changes at certain time points, depending on their visions and goals. There are so many definition for CSR. However, the most general definition for it is that â€Å"CSR is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society† . Appllcatlon CSR now a day has been a popular term in different businesses. However, it seems corporations pay more attentions to these activities than those of small and medium size, who usually blame that they do not have time and money to follow these luxury’ practices. In all effort, the UN Global Compact guideline on ISO 260000 had been developed to help enterprises of all sizes to globally approach and practice CSR strategies. CSR application is not required by law, while business profits and social obligations are always difficult choices for management, CSR strategies are most of time considered for implementation, as the business trend is to contribute good thing and more responsible to society. We will analyze each situation in the next paragraphs, to understand better on why sometimes it is hard making decision. Corporate Social Responsible OR corporate profit? It is argued that social obligation or social responsibility was defined as the obligation of business to meet its economic and legal responsibilities and no more . This viewpoint is based on the notion that business organizations were set up with aims to provide goods and services to society, and enterprise were operated primary on profit motive. Many scholars agreed upon this point of view, including Milton Friedman (1970), as mentioned in his article in the New York Times Magazine . This belief has been maintained for many years not only by Friedman but also other usiness executives and scholars. It is true that the primary social obligation/social responsibility of a business is to bring benefits to its owners and shareholders who invest a significant amount of money there. Consequently, fulfilling the economic responsibility is the initial obligation of a business, it should also obey the laws and regulations of the society while running its operations. Social matters are not the concern of business people, these problems should be resolved by the unfettered workings of the free market system (Friedman, 1970). In cases where corporate profit nd social benefit aligned, CSR might not be considered and therefore irrelevant. Or in other cases where corporate profits and social welfares are opposite, then the profit will be taken into consideration, as business management will always want to prioritize shareholder’s interest. How to cite Social obligation of business, Papers

Case Study-Identifying Threats as a Chief Information Security Officer

Questions: What are the countermeasures to those threats, and how do they fit within the Situational Crime Prevention framework? How does the current law help or hinder your countermeasures? Are there any proposals for laws that would assist? Is your problem of international scope and, if so, how? Answers: Introduction MacGillivray (2013) presumed that risk assessment determines the qualitative as well as quantitative value if risk in relation to current business situation and related threats. On the contrary, Wilson (2015) argued that being a complete site risk assessment need to follow the rules and regulation of law and maintain the requirements of contractor. However, there are four different processes of risk assessment that allows the comply law and maintain requirement of contractor such as identification of hazards, reviewing effect, assessing risk and applying controls. This report firmly focuses of identifying the threats as a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and develops a scope for mitigating threats from the point of view of large organisation. 1. Fits with a profile Policy Profile: In large multinational enterprise, there are there profiles of threats. However, in this report policy profile is selected. As chief information security officer (CISO) in multinational company has to take responsibility of protecting threats of large collection of intellectual property. It needs to prevent because large portion of the business holds this part such as money transaction, communication with the shareholders, online marketing, online targeting, etc. Dlamini (2013) stated that Chief Information Security Officer is plays the important role as a senior level executive in term of aligning initiatives regarding security. Apart from that, Chief Information Security Officer plays the role and responsibility of enterprise programming, set of business objectives that relates to business security, ensure the assets of information security and develop technology for measuring treats as well as protecting those threats. From the point of view of Armstrong et al. (2011), more than 60 percent organisation in corporate industry acknowledge with the presence of their dedicated Chief Information Security Officer. Therefore, Chief Information Security Officer takes the entire responsibility regarding security such as development of proper way for protecting threats in all levels like technological aspects and physical aspects within the workplace of business organisation (Sans.org, 2015). In the organisation, technological aspects are business IT system, communications, applications that perform for risk assessment in external directories of the organisation (Mellott et al. 2012). Moreover, Chief Information Security Officer takes the roles and responsibility of adopting procedure and policies that ensure security in daily operations of the organisations. Apart from that, Chief Information Security Officer also takes the responsibility for security management activities along with the technical and physical security implementation of organisations. In terms of security management activities, Chief Information Security Officer provided training to their staffs for building awareness of security, planning for management if disaster recovery, purchasing of security products such as different types of software like antivirus, development of secure communication and business practice (Hunter, 2011). Furthermore, in order to protect the organisation from security threats, Chief Information Security Officer must ensure the securit y breaches. Within the corporate sector, Chief Information Security Officer plays the following responsibilities such as Figure 1: Roles and Responsibility of Chief Information Security Officer (Source: MacGillivray, 2013, pp- 781) Organisation Representative: Chief Information Security Officer acts as the representative within the organisation with humble respect (Siegel, 2010). Apart from that, they enquiries to the stakeholders of organisation such as partners, customers, target market in terms of security strategy. Law Enforcement Agency: Within the organisation, Chief Information Security Officer is the only person who deals with law enforcement agencies and pursues the source of attack. Moreover, CISO identifies the information theft that caused by the employees of the organisation. Plan and Test: CISO is responsible for security breaches in terms of testing and planning. Balance Security: In order to identify the risk factors and organise strategic business plan by the CISO within the corporate sector. Apart from that, CISO has to take responsibility for determining solution of related problem. Develop security procedure and policies: CISO the most responsible person for developing procedures and policies in order to protect the business application such as information system, database, etc. 2. Profile Completion As a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) in large multinational enterprise, several problems had been identified such as tax record theft, gap of protection and monitoring, poor e-mailing standard, poor choice of network, social engineering etc. Following diagram display the problems that faced within the workplace of multinational enterprise Figure 2: Identified problems within the multinational enterprise (Source: Created By Author) Problems According to Smith (2013), sophisticated attacks are the real threats against high critical system in network. In corporate IT system, there are several threats that has layered approach towards the enterprise such as Threats 1 (Virus) Threats 2 (Phishing) Threats 3 (Hacks) Threats 4 (Blended Attack) Mellott et al. (2012) argued that shared frequency is the top security threats from the point of view of corporate sector. Michael (2012) stated that more than 72 percent enterprises receive threats emails as well as file. However, according to the survey report of DTI, percentage rate of emails threats raises to 83 percent for large multinational companies. According to the Symantecs Security Threats Report Trojan Horses and Worms is the first class malignancy that damages files in corporate sector. Moreover, due to after attack virus or the virus of back door create many difficulties in IT system. As a Chief Information Security Officer at large multinational enterprise identified that back door virus, generate code that exploits database as well as corporate armour. For example, in 2014 it had been identified that the company left the MyDoom back door. However, the Deadhat and doomjuice subsequently exploited it. As a result, the company face huge challenges such as unable to provide report to high-level management about stock inventory; information related customer was not found in database, information regarding employees and marketplace also missed. Moreover, still the company cannot develop proper procedure in protecting the back door of their IT system. However, the company exposed the primary attack of back door by installing antivirus and activating firewall technology. It is also a big threat that specially occurs in banking sector. Majority of customer of bank received e-mails where they were asked to fill up from with bank details along with user id and password. As Chief Information Security Officer at the large multinational company it had been seen that threats from worms virus is also another problem that dismissed the remote system of PCs for the company especially in their mail server. Worms virus send cascade volumes via e-mails into the mail server of company and attack their services. From the point of view as a Chief Information Security Officer, it was most sophisticated attack. Coronado (2012) argued that majority of mail virus provides malicious code with the e-mail to recipients. It is the smarter technology regarding threats in corporate sector. Majority of companies in corporate sector were threaded by so-called buffer overflows. SQL injection is the technique of hacking in the security industry. SQL injection forces the database and track information from database of the company (Padayachee, 2012). SQL injection hack the information from database that related to public consumption such as details of products, details of contract, price rate of products, etc. During the playing role of CISO in large multination company, it had been seen that plenty of marketers were ready to pay for protecting their business related information and plenty of hackers were worked on this project. According to the founder of NGS software, hackers create a breach during the share of information in network and steal the information. It is the combination of phishing and hacks. Due to this attack, majority of companies is not able to protect valuable information such as consumers information. Solutions In order to mitigate or protect those threats, majority of companies incorporate sector implement firewall protection, installed anti-virus software in their IT system. However, both of these technology only protect the computer from further attacks but unable to prevent the threats that comes vice mass e-mailing. Apart from that, developing firewall protection techniques and installing anti-virus software, companies are not able to protect sophisticated threats like SQL injection. Oshri et al. (2007) argued that in order to protect or combat sophisticated level treats enterprise in business sector need to develop following additional security layers in place of firewall protection and antivirus. IT systems security department has to adopt three layers in terms of protecting sophisticated threats. First Layer Second Layer Third Layer In this layer, group member of IT system has to activate the suspect elements using the prevention technology such as RSS method. Apart from that, has to monitor the anomalous request in e-mails. Intrusion prevention system will be the best method for suspecting threats elements because it monitor the data traffic and watches the unexpected element with deep attention. Moreover, IT department of corporate sector nee to check the new software before going using it in online. Therefore, IT department of the company has to adopt the process of penetration testing for their new software. In the second layer, IT department of the company has to add defences. Virus not only attacks in computer bout also known as the attacker of back door. Therefore, when IT staffs installed antivirus system in their computer need to activate the prevention of back door. Apart from that, Armstrong et al. (2011) suggested IT system for any organisation especially in large multination sector was very much complicated process. Therefore, they need to implement security management system. In this layer, department of IT system needs to represent the good risk assessment. Online system will be the best method in order to bring vulnerability with the high business opportunities. Therefore, they need to implement internet security system with using the calculation of company. They have to select the appropriate vulnerable with protecting measures. It helps in cutting risk. This process will allow in protecting external security threats or sophisticated threats. 3. Situational Crime Prevention Framework In order to mitigate the problem, organisation has to adopt situational crime framework within their IT system. There are various attempt of situational crime prevention framework that helps in organizing security breaches for the multinational company. Ekblom (2010) argued that framework of situational crime prevention provides part view that helps in developing strategies for preventing security virus and phishing as well as blended attacks for the company. Existing Approaches to the situational prevention: Situation crime prevention framework provides the straightforward approach that allows in drawing internal connection between the security breaches for enterprise. Apart from that methodology of situational crime prevention, provide the framework that helps in successful changes via emphasizing the organisational security. Through it, organisation can overlap the spheres of hackers partially. Moreover, Johnson (2008) argued that situational crime gives the instrumental fusion that is allow in developing activity between organisational and traditional crime. Through the situation lens, organisation can scan the security or the malicious code that sent by the hackers via e-mails. Spill over effect of situational crime prevention reduces the opportunities of future security breaches for selected multinational enterprise. On the other hand, Warley (2011) cited that applying the situational crime prevention framework, organisation is able to develop inherent different between the hackers and security of organisation such as tracking the information about products, stolen information about customer base and target market research, etc. On the contrary, Willison Siponen (2009) noted that situational crime prevention scripted the hypotheses structure of knowledge that individually guides the IT staffs routine wise and efficiently increase the flexibility of maintaining proper security and protecting external threats. Apart from that, situational crime prevention provides systematic sequence of preventing security that breaking down the spatially, temporarily, functionally, etc in a strict sequential order. The events of web-interconnected crime were understood by the complex crime. Apart from that, variation of the situational model gives power for controlling equation for territorial. Moreover, Johnson (2008) assumed that offering assistance to other will helps in preventing security attack within IT system. Model of situational crime prevention will be the most valuable profound extension in order to mitigate problem of security within workplace of multinational organisation. Situational crime prevention framework will provide the guideline to Chief Information Security Officer to involve individual staffs as witness of identifying problems in terms of discouraging intervention. This intervention can prevent the network of business and can centre the ecological niches for set up new process of protecting information in network. Most importantly, situational crime prevention framework helps in connecting the IT system with the various forms including structure of logistics, scripts, structure of enterprise, etc. This can help in mitigating security factors tha t determine and discourage threats. 4. Law Boihme (2013) suggested that in order to protect IT system within the multinational enterprise, several law need to implement or involved within the business process, These can allow in maintaining legal compliant in information security system during the time of storing and handling data or information in network. 4.1 Current Law of Multinational Enterprise Privacy and Electronic Communication Regulations 2003: The data protection act section 11 will allows the company in adopting the system that helps in controlling security individually when the organisation received information from direct market. However, the methodology of privacy and electronics communications regulations provides the way of use of electronics and communications media such as e-mails, text, cold calls, etc when use for marketing. Apart from that, this regulation will allow the company for preventing security. Terrorism Act 2006: Garber (2012) depicted that terrorism act 2006 provides the guideline for creating wide range of offences in terms of information security terrorism. In section number 19 within the act, it has been imposed that organisation disclose the rate of hacking information or the security forces from their IT system (Bristol.ac.uk, 2015). It has been also understand that failure in implementing terrorism act cannot disclose relevant information in the internet. Malicious Communication Act 1988: Malicious communication act 1988 allows the company in making legal articles for sending or delivering information to others. In order to send e-mails or text message to the stakeholders such as customer, suppliers, shareholders, etc, malicious communication act provides the purpose of cause anxiety via internet or social networking sites. 4.2 Proposed Laws for Multinational Enterprise Privacy and Electronic Communication Regulations 2011: This law will be better for maintaining information security as a Chief Information Security Officer in the large multinational company. The amendment policy of Privacy and Electronic Communication Regulations act 2011 obliged the company about the use of cookies in their internet websites or received e-mails into mail server (Cs.jhu.edu, 2015). It will allow in seeking the consent for developing more privacy in information system. Digital Economy Act 2010: As the company share information within network and adopt market opportunities based on social media networking websites, this act helps in regulating appropriate media that prevent threats. However, Schneier (2013) explained that digital media act 2010 deals with the online issues such as obligations from the internet service providers, copyright infringement in terms of handling the online security for organisations. 5. International Scope The raised problem within large multinational company not only the problem of that particular company but also it faced by several companies internationally. Viruses It is the common problem in internet security that faced by several companies. It has been potentially identified that majority of companies faced problem due to virus attack. For example, Morris worm affected 10 percent in all computers that connected with the internet in 2008. From the report it has been identified that Morris worm consist more than 60000 computers and access their information. Due to affect of Morris worm various companies in the world missed important files from their computer. Apart from that, the virus that found in IT system of large multinational company named Trojan Horses creates lot of troubles during accessing disks or drive. Phishing It is also an international problem from the point of view of information security. For example, in January 2015, student of Cornell University received e-mails where the subject was IT Service Desk Support. In this mail mentioned that student need to upgrade their personal university email account due to upgrade the system. In order to activate new account student were asking for input bank account details into the mail body. There are also several examples in phishing that generate same problems like large multinational enterprise. Hacking It is the most common term in information security system. Majority of bank industry closely related with this term. It is also in international security threats like large multinational company. There are majority of hackers who tries to hack system in banking sector. As a result banker involve anti hacker in order to protect their information or transaction of money in internet. In 2002, one hacker hack the internal network of New York Time and access several information from their database. Apart from that, in 2013 one hacker hacks the personal Facebook page of Mark Zuckerberg. Blended Attacks This is also important security threat that is seen internationally. Majority of small organisation or computer users are unable to manage security in their own server. Attacker send virus through the emails and access information of the computer. One of the most famous viruses for accessing information was love bug. Conclusion This report deals with the information security system especially threats and solution for those threats. However, this report firmly discuss about the threats of a large multinational enterprise where researcher work as a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The potential threats that faced by the company were threats from virus attack, information hacking, phishing, blended attack. However, in order to mitigate the problem provides solutions. Moreover, analyse the threats and its solution with situational crime prevention. Apart from that, in this report analyst represent some laws that relates to information security for the organisation. Reference List Books Boihme, R. (2013). The Economics of Information Security and Privacy. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ekblom, P. (2010). Crime prevention, security and community safety using the 5Is framework. Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Johnson, M. (2008). A typology of domestic violence. Boston: Northeastern University Press. Schneier, B. (2013). Economics of information security and privacy III. New York, NY: Springer. Smith, R. (2013). Elementary information security. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Warley, R. (2011). Juvenile Homicide. El Paso: LFB Scholarly Pub. LLC. Willison, R., Siponen, M. (2009). Overcoming the insider. Commun. ACM, 52(9), 133. Journals Armstrong, S., Simer, L., Spaniol, L. (2011). Models of technology management at the community college: The role of the chief information officer. New Directions For Community Colleges, 2011(154), 87-95. Coronado, A. (2012). Corporate Computer and Network Security. Journal Of Information Privacy And Security, 8(4), 81-84. Dlamini, R. (2013). The role of the strategic and adaptive Chief Information Officer in higher education. Educ Inf Technol. Garber, L. (2012). Security, Privacy, and Policy Roundup. IEEE Security Privacy Magazine, 10(2), 15-17. Garber, L. (2014). Security, Privacy, Policy, and Dependability Roundup. IEEE Secur. Privacy, 12(3), 6-8. Hunter, M. (2011). Identifying Issues of the Chief Information Officer Role through Qualitative Interviews. International Journal Of Sociotechnology And Knowledge Development, 3(2), 42-52. MacGillivray, B. (2013). Heuristics Structure and Pervade Formal Risk Assessment. Risk Analysis, 34(4), 771-787. Mellott, M., Thatcher, J., Roberts, N., Carter, M. (2012). An Examination of the Role of Military Medical Chief Information Officer. Military Medicine, 177(7), 850-855. Michael, K. (2012). Security Risk Management: Building an Information Security Risk Management Program from the Ground Up. Computers Security, 31(2), 249-250. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Hirsch, C. (2007). Information security in networkable Windows-based operating system devices: Challenges and solutions. Computers Security, 26(2), 177-182. Padayachee, K. (2012). Taxonomy of compliant information security behavior. Computers Security, 31(5), 673-680. Siegel, D. (2010). The leadership role of the municipal chief administrative officer. Canadian Public Administration, 53(2), 139-161. Wilson, N. (2015). New Chief Dental Officer: a changed role. Br Dent J, 218(1), 1-1. Websites Cs.jhu.edu, (2015). Retrieved 28 January 2015, from https://www.cs.jhu.edu/~rubin/courses/sp07/Reading/newlawis.pdf Bristol.ac.uk, (2015). Retrieved 28 January 2015, from https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/infosec/migrated/documents/guide.pdf Sans.org, (2015). Retrieved 28 January 2015, from https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/assurance/mixing-technology-business-roles-responsibilities-chief-information-security-of-1044

The Significance Of Symbols In Modern Witchcraft Essays - Wicca

The Significance Of Symbols In Modern Witchcraft The Significance of Symbols in Modern Witchcraft Witchcraft, also known as wicca, is a religion with ancestry in an ancient Pagan religion of Northern Europe which pre-dates the Christian era (Simms 30.) It is an earth religion and its main deity is a goddess. Most participants worship the earth and belong to a coven, or group of believers, run by a high priestess. Most covens meet on days determined by solstices and equinoxes or on seasonal or full moon rituals(Luhrmann 46.) During such rituals, many symbols emerge so important that the ritual would not exist without them. Perhaps one of the most important aspects of modern witchcraft is that of the Goddess. She is very different from that of the Judeo-Christian god. She is considered both a deity that controls the earth and she is the earth itself. The Goddess is the personification of nature and is ever changing as the earth is ever changing. The Goddess is symbolized by the moon. It is said that each phase of the moon symbolizes a different time in the Goddess's life or in the cycle of life. The new moon phase symbolizes the Goddess giving birth to the Sun Child and new light is born. The first quarter phase signifies the point just before life bursts forth and the chains of winter are broken. The full moon phase indicates the joining of the Sun King and the Queen of Summer, a time of abundance ad fulfillment. The last phase in the lunar cycle is the last quarter phase which designates a time of harvest, joy, and thanksgiving (Simms 148.) Another important symbol used in witchcraft is that of the pentagram. Often viewed by Christians as satanic, it was not always seen as such. Early Christians viewed the five pointed star as symbolizing the five wounds of Christ. The pentagram originated as the symbol of a Goddess who was worshipped over an area which extends from present-day England to Egypt and beyond. Her name was Kore. Kore's sacred fruit is the apple. When an apple is cut through its equator, both halves will reveal a near-perfect pentagram shape at the core, with each point on the star containing a seed. The pentacle, a pentagram with a circle around it is the working form the pentagram. The circle around the pentagram can also represent the sacred circle drawn by the Witch in ritual. Within the circle, the Witch calls each of these elements (each is associated with a different direction, North, South, East, or West) to guard the circle so that the energy raised by the magical working will remain within the circ le. Today, many pagans wear the pentagram as jewelry and use it on their altars. The symbol is frequently traced by hand using an athame (a ritual knife) during Wiccan rituals. It is used to cast and banish their healing circles. Some Wiccans interpret the five points as representing earth, air, fire, water, and spirit: the four factors needed to sustain life with the addition of spirit (Simms 113.) The four factors needed to sustain life are also seen as important symbols in modern witchcraft. These factors are earth, air, fire, and water. During a ritual, each is represented by a specific object. Air is characterized by a feather. Fire is denoted by a candle that burns throughout the entire ritual. The candle both gives light and can symbolize the Goddess and air when the feather is waved in the flame. Water is a feminine aspect and is represented by a chalice. The chalice is filled with a beverage to drink during the ritual. Wine is often used, but some covens use milk or water (Simms 117.) One very personal tool used strictly in ritual is an athame. It is a double-edged dagger used to cut and direct energy. However, it is never used to physically cut anything. The athame is such a personal tool that only the owner uses. An athame is acquired about the time of their first ritual and is consecrated during initiation (Simms 113.) ?Beyond all else, magicians' immersion in symbolism is perhaps the most compelling element of their involvement, and the experience which has

Should You Avoid These Top 10 LinkedIn Profile Overused Buzzwords

Should You Avoid These Top 10 LinkedIn Profile Overused Buzzwords LinkedIn has released its annual report on the Top 10 Overused LinkedIn Profile Buzzwords of 2013. This year they analyzed only English-language profiles. As you read this year’s list, consider for each term whether it’s one you should avoid due to overuse, or whether it’s simply an essential word to have in your profile. As I look through the buzzwords, I find I have a different opinion on each one. Here’s the list: Responsible Strategic Creative Effective Patient Expert Organizational Driven Innovative Analytical RESPONSIBLE Responsible is a word I have banished from resumes and LinkedIn profiles for years now. I think it must have risen to the top as other overused buzzwords such as â€Å"extensive experience,† â€Å"results-oriented,† â€Å"proven track record† and â€Å"team player† have been shaved off most people’s profiles. Avoid using â€Å"responsible† in your profile – it doesn’t tell anyone about what you actually did! I’m hoping that the appearance of â€Å"Responsible† on LinkedIn’s list will shrink its appearance on resumes. STRATEGIC I’m frankly shocked that strategic just appeared on the top 10 list for the first time this year. I believe its emergence as #2 is a testament to the importance of the word. When your job includes strategic planning you must use this word, since it is central to your business role. If you claim you are a strategic thinker, however, be sure to include examples of that thinking and the results it has produced. CREATIVE Creative ranked #1 last year and is #3 now. I don’t love this word and rarely use it. â€Å"Creative† describes people more than accomplishments and is better left for other people to say about you. Anyone can say they’re creative but the challenge is to prove it. Instead of relying on this buzzword, attach photos and PowerPoints showing your work; provide links to your writing; and describe the ways in which you’ve done things that other people have not. EFFECTIVE Effective, which moved from #3 to #4 this year, is a throw-away word in my opinion, often easily avoided by reporting actual results. If you got your intended results, your strategy was effective. PATIENT Patient? I’m not sure why this word is suddenly on the top 10 list. I’d say scrap it. Patient is a trait you need to demonstrate, not claim on a piece of paper. EXPERT Everyone’s claiming to be an expert these days. If you can truly demonstrate expertise in a particular area, I think it’s okay to use the word (of course this is coming from a woman who calls her company The Essay Expert!) I believe some people might search for terms like â€Å"E-Learning Expert† or â€Å"Turnaround Expert† ; if they do, you want to have the word â€Å"Expert† in your headline and job titles. My caveat would be not to claim you are an expert if you’re really not. Be honest or someone could easily call your bluff. ORGANIZATIONAL Organizational first appeared on the buzzword list as #2 in 2011 and kept its ranking in 2012; it has slipped to #7 but is still on the list and I can understand why. Most LinkedIn members are mid- to upper-level managers and executives, for whom organizational goals are extremely important. I think this buzzword is here to stay, at least for a while, and I see no problem with using it. DRIVEN Driven has started to replace â€Å"Results-oriented† as a favorite descriptive word. Take note of its overuse and see if you can provide examples that show your drive instead of calling yourself â€Å"driven.† If you would use this word as one of the top three adjectives to describe yourself, you might choose to keep it in your profile. But know that it will be taken with a grain of salt. INNOVATIVE Innovative is a persistent one. It was #2 on the list in 2010, #7 in both 2011 and 2012. Honestly this word is a hard one to eliminate if you are in any sort of product marketing or management role. It’s better than â€Å"original† or â€Å"creative† in my opinion. If you need to use it, use it. But make sure to explain *what* was innovative about your ideas. Don’t just say â€Å"innovative† and think that explains something. ANALYTICAL Finally, analytical is a word that you might need to use if you’re in marketing, finance, or any profession for which analysis is critical. Only claim to be analytical if analyzing things makes your heart sing and is central to the work you do. WHAT’S NEXT? For the first time this year, I have a vision of a world where the top 10 buzzwords on LinkedIn are not â€Å"overused,† but instead rank as the important words in business for the year. Let’s cut away the fluff and drill down to the essentials. Anyone with me? Buzz Buzz! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinDecember 16, 2013 2 Comments Seth says: December 17, 2013 at 2:16 am Im an analyst, with off-the-charts analytical skills. May I use it? Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 17, 2013 at 8:22 am Id say you dont have much of a choice Seth! There would be a big problem if you *didnt* use this word! Log in to Reply

Life Span Consideration Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life Span Consideration - Case Study Example The other topic is the pharmacokinetics which is all about the dosage of her drugs based on her body weight, age and body surface area. Lastly, the other topic that will be covered will be on the measures to be taken to reduce the intake of drugs, the reduction of her health problem and lastly on ending her purchase of over the counter drugs without prescription from her primary physician which is really important based on her age which is sensitive. R. M has a history of deep vein thrombosis which makes her take Warfarin every evening which is a high dosage. She however also has a history of hypothyroidism and is constantly taking thyroid replacement hormones. The hormone treatment drugs however do not mix well with Warfarin and require a patient taking the therapy to reduce the dosage or even completely stop taking Warfarin to minimize the side effects to the patient. R. M therefore should stop purchasing her drugs without consultation with her primary physician who will advise her on which drugs to take for her deep thrombosis problem what will not affect her hypothyroidism treatment (Lilley, Collins, Harrington & Snyder, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the thyroid hormone treatment are increases heart rate and pulse as well as chest pains which are symptoms of hypertension and which she is trying to reduce with the hypertension medication. If the drug therapy for hypothyroidism treatment will increase her hypertension problem, she should seek alternative therapy rather than increase the risk of heart attack that can cause immediate death to the patient (Kahn & Olshaker, 2014). The alternative therapy will also assist with the earlier mentioned problem of deep thrombosis. In order to reduce the above discussed health risks caused by her medication intake, R. M should seek alternative therapy techniques for her different health problems other than fully relying on

Strategy and competitive advantages of Easyjet 05191 Essay

Strategy and competitive advantages of Easyjet 05191 - Essay Example Success of business depends upon efficient implementation of the incorporated strategies (Kourdi, 2010). Therefore, the management is required to monitor and review the implementation process over a certain time interval to analyse the strategic gap and should take immediate action for rectifying the situation. This is important because fail of strategy implementation process causes the organization to encounter huge loss (Hitt, 2009). In this paper, the business strategies and competitive advantage of easyJet Airline Company Limited, a low cost carrier based out of London will be analysed in details. Initially, the business model and competitive factor of low cost carriers such as easyJet plc was based only on price consideration. In subsequent period, when easyJet plc understood that driving business on the basis of a single competitive strategy can prove to be risky for long term, the company emphasised on developing strategies with the objective of ensuring robustness of business in the competitive UK airlines industry (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart, 2009). Business strategies of easyJet plc concentrate on various other areas of business apart from price leadership such as merchandising, improving customer services, application of best and latest technologies etc. easyJet plc also concentrates on multi channel strategies in order to increase strategic partnership for expanding business through penetrating into new markets and acquiring those technologies and services that are inadequate in the company(International Transport Forum, 2014). In the next segment, strategic changes of easyJet plc will be evaluated through Kotter’s model of strategic change. On the basis of systematic study of hundreds of organizations, their strategic planning process and capability of bringing changes in the existing strategies, Dr. Kotter has developed strategic change model, following which a company can

Pennsylvania Drunk Driving Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pennsylvania Drunk Driving Laws - Essay Example With the passage of Senate Bill 8 and the signature of the governor, Title 18 (Crimes and Offenses) 75 Pa. CS [3802] became the new law for Driving under the Influence of Alcohol or Drugs in Pennsylvania. The new law made sweeping changes to many aspects of this statute. Most notably, the limit for conviction for DUI was lowered from .10 to .08 percent blood alcohol content (BAC) which brought Pennsylvania in line with the guidelines established by the federal government. Another sweeping reform to the new law is found in its three tier system. For the first time there are variant levels enforcement based on the drivers BAC. These tiers are: .08 to less than .10; .10 to less than .16; and .16 and above (Madigan et al., 2003, screen 1). The varying tiers have increasing penalties for both repeat and first time offenders. All people arrested now with a BAC of .16 or greater regardless of whether a first offender or a repeat offend will be required to undergo a full drug and alcohol abuse assessment with no exceptions. If they are found to be dependent, in addition to other sanctions imposed, the court can order them to undergo an approved drug and/or alcohol treatment program. Additionally, as BAC level rise and/or the person are a repeat offender, the fines imposed are increased dramatically. Another change with the new legislation is the requirement for repeat offenders to have an ignition interlock system installed in their vehicle when they are eligible for a return of their license. The cost of installation rests with the offender. This type of system requires the driver to breathe into a tube which is, in effect, a breathalyzer, if alcohol is detected the system will not allow the car ignition to engage. This ignition interlock system is required to be maintained within the vehicle for one year upon receipt of their provisional driving privilege reinstatement. If a defendant is eligible for reinstatement of his driving privileges but does not have the locking system installed his driving suspension then remains in affect for an additional year (the period of time required to have the interlock system) (Madigan et al., 2003, screen 1). A brief synopsis of the various tiers and penalties is provided. A tier one offense for a first time offender where there was no personal injury or property damage. The penalties are: $300 fine, no license suspension, up to six months probation and attend

The effects of fast food

The effects of fast food The effects of fast food Abstract Focused a growing body of research on the reasons for the existence of a relationship of risk of obesity and health problems among children nationally and globally. Has been examining a number of factors and circumstances to determine their contribution to childhood obesity and health problems associated with it genetic factors, physical activity, and family factors, and diet including the role of junk food. Research also suggests that low-income and minority children have higher rates of obesity and health problems of their fellow whites. This presentation focuses on the perspective of African-American marketing junk food to children and adolescents, where we conducted focus groups for marketing junk food to children and adolescents. Introduction Everyone knows that fast food contributes to obesity, but what are the effects of other nutrients do not be quick on your health? Of course, the answer depends on what kind of snacks you eat, although there are some common elements in almost all fast food. This is one of sodium. Why buy more fast food and soda, and add lots of salt. The problem is that it tends to salt causes high blood pressure, which is usually not a good thing, because this can cause some of the plague that had accumulated in the arteries or veins of the Special package, which can then travel to your heart or brain causing heart attacks or strokes . Another common ingredient in junk food and sugar, which is not only in beverages, desserts, French fries, but also because is sprayed on to make them crispy when fried. Sugar in itself is not a bad thing, but does not speed up the metabolism for a moment that can make you feel warm. Also, if you do not do something to burn excess energy that is converted many of them into glucose, which feeds the fat cells, causing them to get bigger, which means that the weight gain. Even a lot of fast food fried, which makes food taste good, but add a lot of calories in the diet, which can affect life. Furthermore, it is because a lot of frying oils by the cholesterol puts you at risk of heart attack and stroke and the proportion of cholesterol, which becomes a plague, and winds up to attack inside the veins and arteries. The problem is more serious if the food was fried, which fell in the dough mixture into the contract because more than fat, which means more fat and cholesterol. The same applies to the fried meat, like hamburgers. More drinks offered at fast food restaurants even caffeine, which causes them in your metabolism to speed up a bit , which may or may not be a good thing, depending on whether the person has an interest, and when. On the effects of fast food The case was a public relations disaster for McDonalds. The more McDonalds tried to do, and revealed the worst. Until the mock trial still requires a certain respect for the truth and the truth of this study is able to circumvent the censorship of the media, thanks to the usual potential for the democratization of the Internet. Such as a flood of information flowing from the erosion of people with the versatility of the company, Whats wrong with McDonalds, as it could be a few hundred of the eyes, and before it was burning in an endless stream of protest literature ignored, are now known to millions. McDonalds spends $ 1800000000 a year for different types of public relations, and is one of the biggest names in the business world, in recent times in the first place, for example, of the brands advertised to appear on television in prime time in the United States. For the sale of a commodity for large numbers of people in the brutal conditions of competition, it must be public immediately recognize his name and associate it with something of value. The McDonalds official break the Olympic Games 1996, has the franchise in 1998 and the Olympic Games 2000 in prison, too, and signed an agreement for a period of ten years with the Foundation for Walt Disney to become the global marketing of the first partner of the fast food titan of mass culture. For some time been the darling of the camera. In the past year, for example, New York Sunday Times Magazine waxed passionate about restoring the basic values ​​of the company manufacturing fade: In this country, which is consid ered widely as the production lost its way, wrote Stephen Drucker, McDonalds hamburger is a production company that Impala, left once in the assembly line for General Motors. Deserves no less attention to detail in marketing: Encouraging children to stay at home over the past decade, McDonalds has built stadiums that are often cleaner, safer and play areas best kept in the local community; 40. Per cent of the Restaurants of America for the company have now. With this announcement and Budget billion dollars, The majority of children learn about the golden arches and Ronald McDonald for two years. Its paradise regular: Only in the area of ​​the golden arches do not come with life insurance: everything will be safe and cheap , cheerful and reassuring, familiar and incredibly this is the Disneyland of food, the land of permanent adolescent fun, one. those happy, carefree world of business, which is always built on the basis of full control and is not visible. This is also what is being sought from the highest value of the dollar on public relations. McLibel up came along, people must believe that McDonalds lived a life of charm. When it is mentioned steel and Morris, McDonalds hopes to bury under a mountain of conflicting data. Instead, it has the form of excruciating detail the required certificate from the McLibel in a coherent picture of a single company in history: industrialization before eating. McDonalds does not produce simply hamburger, but it must also produce a desire to burgers, and all types of food suitable for its purpose, which is to produce meals lowest price possible and sell them to people as possible in the shortest time possible, and thus compensate for the lower profit margin for each meal, with quantum multitude of food. Fast food is short for this new type of industry. In summary, with the division of artificial, but useful perhaps the band: 1. Direct effects on ecosystems, non-human Focused a large part of this process on the effects of the production of beef on the rainforest, and suffering of animals slaughtered for hamburgers and chicken McNuggets. With regard to deforestation, and insists that McDonalds uses only beef from North America and Europe (mainly UK) sources. However, things are not as simple as that, first, because of 330 points of sale of beef from Brazil, and the use of land, some of which were authorized by the rainforest, second, because beef and Brazilian Costa Rica produced from these lands and made sometimes its way North, and finally and most importantly , because the global consumption of beef can only lead to a significant increase to the extent that McDonalds has its own way, especially with regard to new invaded the Asian market. Higher sales of hamburger can only lead to increased pressure to remove the global forest all over the world, but this can be distributed. And the worlds largest user of beef and the second largest user of Chicken, McDonalds and most of the responsibility for what is wrong in raising and slaughtering these animals. There is a heavy burden associated with killing and eating other creatures that have a spiritual ritual for centuries. There are manufacturing slaughter, in which the body becomes a simple article to be converted into cash. This removes any reciprocity between hunter and prey, and dissolves all the spiritual senses in cash. While accelerating the process with fast food, and increases the unbridled cruelty as well. Thus, It is estimated that no less than 12000 cattle slaughtered for McDonalds restaurants in the UK each year to be incomplete numbing, conscious that time and even death, while chicken egg production should live their entire lives confined to cages battery about 7 of 10 inches in size , According to the testimony of the company. Apparently planned to turn into a McDonalds egg, but gave up after l earning that battery eggs are 50 percent less than that. 2. A direct impact on the human body The main problems that have to do with safety and nutritional value of foods that are not transmitted with the success of McDonalds relentless. The companys image haunted his work really cut here given the widespread belief that these companies sell junk food, a choice of words is reasonable in view of the fact that nutrition experts almost universally agree that the type of food sold by McDonalds is bad for you. With 28 grams of fat, including saturated 12.6 in Big Mac and 22 grams is more than French fries, along with 52 food additives used in their various products, it is hardly surprising that an internal memo the company does-General: I do not we can really address or defend Nutrition does not sell nutrition and people do not come to McDonalds for nutrition .. When the companys experts, cancer, Dr. Sydney Arnott, was asked for his opinion, the statement that associated with a diet rich in fat, sugar and animal products and salt and low in fiber, vitamins and minerals with brea st cancer and bowel disease and heart, he replied: If you directly to the public, so I think its very reasonable to say The implications of the McDiet to certain diseases are suggestive, even if questionable. But there can be no doubt that as the spearhead of McDonalds fast food industry, and the primary focus is to transfer more of the molecules in the body collectively. What happens to these particles, ingested once does not mean at all. However, since we still live under the law of conservation of matter, life is increasingly unstable since for many, and can be a block of meat that has fat and sugar in McDiet only increase. Since the fast food industry is growing, and then, people have to weight gain. Obviously, you can not blame McDonalds for all the fat transferred to the meat group. As it is quite clear, and it embodies the process, Marion Nestle, head of studies of nutrition and food in New York University, calls the nightmare of nutrition . We continue to believe the amount of fat and trans fats in the American diet go up. We expect to see the direction of increased body weight as well. In fact, the weight of the body of the citizens of the United States, after holding steady in the years 1960 and 1970, to begin to rise in 1980, at the same time that McDonalds began a large expansion. Now, in 1990, a campaign to improve the nutrition that accompanied the first wave of environmental awareness seems to be stalled. We have abandoned the McDonalds hamburger in a low-fat McLean Deluxe, and, along with many other food shops, pays Super Size portions. The overall increase is concentrated in the fat on the poor, especially the poor and the colors used for meals and austerity relatively healthy, while the rich white bread consumed, and the ribs. Today, however, the tabouli and absorbs the rich eat the poor Big Mac To a large extent, these trends are growing crops in all parts of the world, especially in Asia, and the current global economic dynamo. Since McDonalds first planted its flag in Hong Kong, 25 of the first 50 points of sale all over the world there, and the average weight of local teenager by 13 percent, and ages of girls in menstruation and decreased to 12, compared with 17 in mainland China. Hong Kong is now the second highest level of cholesterol baby in the world, after Finland. At the same time, in the 25 years since McDonalds entered Japan, the balance of control 2000.60 percent of the market of meat and fat consumption per capita has tripled. With 10000 and the means of planning for Japan and China before the looming as the biggest market of all, its no wonder Warren Buffett, the worlds largest investor, has contributed 1.3 billion U.S. dollars from McDonalds. With regard to food safety, violations and various states of bacterial infection have been documented in this process. We do not need these details here, just note that if there was any substance to the widespread fears of mad cow disease and its spread to humans on behalf of the syndrome Creutzfeldt-Jakob (resulting from the policies of Thatchers market liberalization to allow the feeding offal from sheep to feed the cows that feed on people), then this is emerging as a legacy of McDonalds at least remember. 3. Impact on the work McDonalds labor practices, unfortunately, leave much to be desired. Saw dozens of former workers to defend the case McLibel wages and conditions are bad, while the trade unionists from all over the world have demonstrated their experience organizing in the face of McDonalds hostility to the work of the organization. McDonalds has admitted that he paid part of the staff in the UK without the legal minimum and that the staff will not allow them to carry out any overt union activity in the local McDonalds, on pain of firing. A survey of companies, restaurants secret in the UK and retail prices for the industry wage in 1992 that rates of the staff of McDonalds hours were 25 percent less than the rates of sales per hour: Some results of the certificate Retail and restaurant staff in 1993, and reached the sales team in the Kingdom United States of up to 120-150 percent, and analysis of official documents for the work of Bath, United Kingdom, shop for the year 1994 and showed hundreds of violations of labor standards and corporate policies in each month for rest periods, has described the character of the United Kingdom McDonalds always busy 40 percent of customers in a company-sponsored survey, approximately 25 percent of McDonalds time overtime for staff working in the UK to pay more than that, despite this being against company policy. These employees are relatively fortunate. Founded at least it does not work only for the Alliance of Disney McDonalds in Vietnam, where women 17 years of hard 9 to 10 hours a day, 7 days a week, earn less than 6 cents an hour as they do promotional gifts, games, many of which are Disney characters, to address McDonalds Happy Meal. (Thats right. $ 4.20 for the work week from 70 hours) in February, 200 workers fell ill, 25 collapsed were taken to hospital and three due to exposure to chemicals. However, their sacrifices are not all in vain. According to Vice President of McDonalds, Brad Ball, and happy characters and meals of 101 Dalmatians and the most successful film in the history of McDonalds. Ball added: As we embark on the new global alliance, and we expect great ten years of family fun, as unmatched customers enjoy Disney magic only at McDonalds. 4. Impacts on society Increasingly, the Foundation has the ability to impose himself directly to the company. When a company is in the way of McProgress, and presentations on the strength of the market and large number of workers or consumers, can be erased. In Mato Grosso do Sul, for example, the state that provide a large proportion of beef to stores Brazilian McDonalds, and the indigenous Guarani who once used 40 percent of the land is now left with less than 1 percent, and farms of cattle that have been taken plenty of rest. Effects are less serious, but widespread on an equal footing in the capital, where abound the markets. Note the peace and the media, and in March 1997, for example, joined the police Detroit Department in Washington, DC, and open 30 centers for the police community working at the ports of McDonalds, that this would and encouraged the police to eat McDonalds, even when the condition that the security services. But the transit company is leading the activities of the mind of the child. Beginning with McBaby to wear a sign that you can buy babies in places like Wal-Mart, McDonalds is sparing no effort to imprint itself on the company of children. Is in the spirit of the next formal step for the company and guide covert operations: Ronald McDonald loves food and McDonalds, and children, because they love Ronald Remember, children exercise a huge impact when it comes to the selection of this restaurant means that you should make every possible effort to appeal to the love of children an d Ronald McDonald. Finally, the direct pollution to the community through litter contrasts with the companys efforts to promote the same capitalist Super Green unique. Claims to be committed to McDonalds to cut 50 per cent of the volume of waste in addition to being the largest user of recycled paper in the field of food services. It boasts of being the first company to enter the trash patrol in the United Kingdom, as well as a range of other initiatives developed by the high-level environmental services. Unfortunately, the demands of accumulation in the high-volume, low cost of labor, industry and the rapid turnover in contrast to the green to the world. The Professor Graham Ashworth (Group General Manager salary Britain sponsored by McDonalds) to testify that McDonalds was the highest or 2 percent of all the companies products and eventually the garbage, and it is estimated that on any given day in the United Kingdom, the company vomiting 7.9 million items, such as take-away to end up on the road, p ointing to about 50 per cent to at least 140 Â £ of packaging waste per day produced by the average restaurant. When multiplied by the number of stores in the world, and garbage in the house the equivalent of more than 1 billion pounds of waste per year. The year of the Executive to think McDonalds UK in response to a question about the problems associated with waste disposal, this would be a problem at all, and that I do not see [the dumping of waste] to be an advantage, otherwise you end up with a lot of, drilling and extensive free gravel in all throughout the country. Conclusion In todays age of convenience, fast food does not need to be defined. Everyone from a boy at the age of 2 years, and grandfather of 60, seems to be able to enjoy all their possessions. And why not? Its delicious, and filling, its really cheap, and readily available at any time of day, being the only vehicle through a phone call. What more could you ask for when you live life in the fast lane? Well, a lot a taste of fast food is all fine except that it is not nutritionally balanced, and therefore long-term health, if consumed on a regular basis. Fast food is loaded with calories from fat and refined sugar (in particular, to fill the arteries of saturated fats and hydrogenated, which is often heated to high temperatures for frying). Its also very rich in sodium from common salt and other additives. And, above all, fast food is a lack of fiber and essential micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Adding insult to injury, is usually swallowed heaps of junk food down with a gallon of sugar-sweetened cola the fast-food restaurants with many of the free food as an incentive. Do not use short, all this leads to the accumulation of empty calories in the body that fat is stored in the body and until one day you look in the mirror and realize that has been replaced by your figure of this great creature in the mirror. But its not the end of history, is just the beginning a long time also a lot of fast food, it is not just a boy in a beautiful man obese ugly, but, as Eric Schlosser points out in his book Enable JavaScript to view this content page correctly and a major health hazard too.

Golden Age Greek Criticism of Henry Moore’s Reclining Woman :: Essays Papers

Golden Age Greek Criticism of Henry Moore’s Reclining Woman Both the shape and body of the Reclining Woman sculpture totally tear down our standards as Golden Age Greeks. Not at all can I make out whom this sculptor is representing. Sure I can make out the basic female figure. However the head is way too small in proportion the rest of the body. Maybe Henry Moore has not yet finished this piece. Did he make a mistake in the development of the chest area? This could be the case. If still this is a finish piece of â€Å"art† in no terms by us Greeks' is this considered Art. What I would have done if I were to complete this hiatus mangled human form is to continue to define the legs and arms especially. Still keeping the reclining look even though this promotes the idea of laziness in our eyes. After all, Greek art has to be the ideal of all, the perfect balance of mind and body -- picked up from Plato and his teachings. This shows neither. A great example is the discus thrower how the figure shows no physical stress or emotion through the face even though he is performing a strenuous activity. With this in mind further defining of the face, needed so the figure is anatomically correct and shows no stress through facial expression. This breaks all of our tradition in sculpture. On the one hand the simplification and distortion of body and limb seem extremely daring departures from the tradition which few do; on the other hand, this is reminiscent of the earliest sculpture ever produced, which is far from a perfect balance. Thus he has created a new form; that of pure laziness. Moore must think with the third dimension every bit as much as he must think in terms of the other two. Human ideals should come naturally -- correct proportions with the Platonic idea of mind and body balanced. Tying all of these sculptural ideas together would be a great help for Henry Moore, who seems challenged by every bit of these. Other points to be noted in the execution of the sculptor's idea than those of relating the proportions, preserving the perfect body, and suggesting depths. A cardinal requirement, and one which is made much of in any discussion of Greek sculpture, is truth.

Embarking Patriotic Immortality: Rhetorical Analysis

Daniel Aubertine Dr. Viera 10/11/2011 Final Draft Embarking Patriotic Immortality: Rhetorical Analysis of the Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg address was given on the grounds of a historical battlefield in Gettysburg Pennsylvania during the American Civil War on November 19th, 1863 by the late President Abraham Lincoln. The brief, powerful speech that he delivered to fifteen to twenty thousand people is regarded as one of the greatest in American history. It is considered the turning point of the Civil War, helping preserve the union and keep America together.Lincoln’s famous war-time speech, given on the graves of fallen soldiers, uses remarkable pathos along with an astonishing endowment to the history of American speeches through diction and patriotic passion. Following the three-day bloodbath that occurred in the fields of Gettysburg Pennsylvania in early July, thousands of bloody corpses rotted in the summer’s scorching heat. Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Curtin a ppointed David Willis, a prominent Gettysburg lawyer, to oversee the project. An interstate commission was formed, money was raised, and seventeen acres of land at the battle site was purchased.The federal government provided the coffins. By November the cemetery was ready for dedication (Hay). The event was set-up so that orator Edward Everett would be the main speaker of the day. Lincoln sought to speak at this event because it would be a prime opportunity to boost the Union’s war efforts. Crowds of fifteen to twenty thousand citizens and soldiers gathered around the stage and listened to Everett speak for nearly two hours (Borade). Lincoln then rose and spoke for just under two minutes, and the crowd was speechless (Hay).Throughout the speech Lincoln uses the pathos to make the audience feel emotionally invested in the speech through guilt and courage. The audience is standing six feet above their fellow citizens who died in battle on their behalf, and to preserve the Amer ican way of life. Lincoln uses the location of the speech as emotional leverage on the crowd. Many of the members in the audience were either soldiers or citizens who lost loved ones in the battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln uses the guilty conscience of the audience members as persuasion into his main idea that the union cannot give up the fight.Lincoln states in his address, â€Å"We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who have gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. † He effectively uses pathos as a transition into a strong initiative that America should fight for the soldiers who lost their lives. The feeling of guilt is also intertwined and overcome by a feeling of courage in Lincoln’s speech. He makes the citizens who are opposed to the war feel guilty, and the citizens who are for the war, and the soldiers who are fighting, feel courage.The courageous compo nent of the speech that is felt by the audience is inspired by reminding them how heroic the soldiers who died on this field were. An example of this is when Lincoln states,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They faced terrifying situations with courage and, in the end, gave their lives for what they believed in. The soldiers’ courage is the source of the courage for the audience. The inspiration though emotion that Lincoln delivered was the driving force of this inspirational speech.The incredible diction used by the president is the factor that set this historical speech apart from all the rest. Not once in his 272 word speech did the president use the word â€Å"I† or â€Å"me†. Lincoln was not that kind of man; he was unselfish and never distinguished himself from the audience. Another key aspect of Lincoln’s speech that is used very o ften in all types of writing is the use of repetition. He doesn’t repeat large memorable phrases; he repeats small words that seem to have great power. Throughout the speech he uses the words â€Å"we† and â€Å"us† a total of twelve times, referring to himself and the audience.Also, he often says the word â€Å"here† referring to the hallowed ground of Gettysburg to further associate himself with his audience (Zimmer, 4). This heavy use of plural first person tense creates a strong sense of unity with the audience and himself. Additionally he utilizes a strong vocabulary throughout the speech. He employed many complex sentences for an overall intelligent-sounding speech. For example, â€Å"Four score and seven years ago†¦ † is very poetic and elegant, much more dignified than simply saying â€Å"Eighty- seven†. Lincoln uses his words to dig deep into the udiences hearts and pull out every sense of patriotism that he can get. Each one o f the 272 words that he spoke that day was to bring out the American passion that is needed for victory in the Civil war. He begins by mentioning our forefathers and how they created this nation built on equality and liberty. Then he proceeds to tell that the principles on which the nation was founded are under attack. This immediately gets the audience in the mood for being inspired to act, because soon after this he hits them with pathos, the emotions of guilt and courage.But he ends the short speech with a powerful conclusion, â€Å"It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion— that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain— that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not pe rish from the earth. † Lincoln’s powerful closing words left the audience in muted shock.The short powerful speech is one of the most patriotic in American history. Lincoln’s famous war-time speech given on the graves of fallen soldiers uses remarkable pathos along with an astonishing endowment to the history of American speeches through diction, and patriotic passion. The brief, powerful speech that he delivered to fifteen to twenty thousand people is regarded as one of the greatest in American history. It is considered the turning point of the Civil War, helping preserve the union and keep America together.The inspirational, patriotic, persuasive speech given by Lincoln shows just how good a speech can be from effective use of pathos, diction and patriotism. Works Cited Borade, Gaynor. â€Å"Summary and Significance of the Gettysburg Address. † Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. . Hay, John . â€Å"Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, 1863. † EyeWitness to History – history through the eyes of those who lived it. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. .

Free Essays on The Future Of Project Management

The Canadian construction industry is one of the most substantial establishments in the Canadian business industry, and with many other partners, is responsible for the prosperous growth of the Canadian economy. It not only provides many jobs in Canada but also overseas, creating construction jobs for members of other countries. Though the past and the present of the Canadian construction industry have proved to be prosperous, an absence of investment in the future of the Industry will prove to be the industries downfall. When traditional resources run out, Canada will be left behind because it has relied so heavily on existing technologies geared to these natural resources and does not have readily available new procedures and materials to replace old technologies. â€Å"Progress lies not in enhancing what is, but in advancing toward what will be.† – Kahlil Gilbran (Quoteland.) And unless the Canadian construction industry is willing to start investing in the construct ion technologies of tomorrow, the now prosperous industry will ultimately lose its reputation and see its own downfall. The Canadian construction industry made a name for itself in the past based on its innovative ways of dealing with its vast terrain, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast and from the Arctic Ocean to the Great Lakes. (Industry Canada) While the Canadian construction industry is ninety-four percent Canadian owned, it is made up of ninety to ninety-five percent of firms operating with 20 or fewer employees. (Poh, S.H.) Even though Canada is not named one of the top five growing countries in the construction industry, (Poh, S.H.) Canadians are known world wide for having carved a highly developed and connected nation out of its huge and rugged geographic area. To do this, they built railroads by tunneling through the Rocky Mountains, linked the Great Lakes in a navigable St. Lawrence Seaway, and constructed mammoth hydroelectric dams in the ... Free Essays on The Future Of Project Management Free Essays on The Future Of Project Management The Canadian construction industry is one of the most substantial establishments in the Canadian business industry, and with many other partners, is responsible for the prosperous growth of the Canadian economy. It not only provides many jobs in Canada but also overseas, creating construction jobs for members of other countries. Though the past and the present of the Canadian construction industry have proved to be prosperous, an absence of investment in the future of the Industry will prove to be the industries downfall. When traditional resources run out, Canada will be left behind because it has relied so heavily on existing technologies geared to these natural resources and does not have readily available new procedures and materials to replace old technologies. â€Å"Progress lies not in enhancing what is, but in advancing toward what will be.† – Kahlil Gilbran (Quoteland.) And unless the Canadian construction industry is willing to start investing in the construct ion technologies of tomorrow, the now prosperous industry will ultimately lose its reputation and see its own downfall. The Canadian construction industry made a name for itself in the past based on its innovative ways of dealing with its vast terrain, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast and from the Arctic Ocean to the Great Lakes. (Industry Canada) While the Canadian construction industry is ninety-four percent Canadian owned, it is made up of ninety to ninety-five percent of firms operating with 20 or fewer employees. (Poh, S.H.) Even though Canada is not named one of the top five growing countries in the construction industry, (Poh, S.H.) Canadians are known world wide for having carved a highly developed and connected nation out of its huge and rugged geographic area. To do this, they built railroads by tunneling through the Rocky Mountains, linked the Great Lakes in a navigable St. Lawrence Seaway, and constructed mammoth hydroelectric dams in the ...

D171 Essays

D171 Essays D171 Essay D171 Essay Compare and contrast how the psychodynamic and cognitive behavioural approaches to counselling understand the person, and how these two approaches explain psychological distress experienced by individuals’. In Part 2, reflect and write about which of the two models appeal most to you and why. In this assignment I will first cover separately the concepts and ideas of psychodynamic and cognitive- behavioural approaches to counselling. I will look at how these two approaches understand the person and how they explain each person’s problem or problems. I will then compare and contrast them to highlight similarities between both of them and explain which appeals to me. Psychodynamic counselling has it’s origins in the ideas of a man called Sigmund Freud. Although his ideas were believed to be a key influence in modern psychology current theory and practice have gone way beyond Freud’s original ideas. Freud believed that repressed sexual wishes and memories lay in the heart of patients problems. However this has now developed by later practitioners and theorists to centre more on social and relationship orientated approach. Psychodynamic counselling is based on past experiences of the client. It will start from the client’s childhood and discuss relationships the individual had from a very young age. The person is not usually conscious of the true nature of this experience. The aim of the counsellor in to remain a blank canvas and through this the client will hold similar feelings to them as they did to authority figures of their past. This is called transference. As the counselling goes on the counsellor is to interpret the unconscious feelings of the client as this will give the client insight into why they are experiencing problems. Cognitive-behavioural counselling has its origins in behavioural psychology believed to have been created by a psychology professor called J. B Watson in the 19th Century. The concept being that the counsellor is to challenge the distorted idea’s of the client and replaces them with realistic ideas.

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a Essay

Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment - Essay Example Ethics as an un-necessary consideration to be successful in a competitive business environment Some of theorists has different ideas they said that self interest would require for a business to fulfil the law and adhere to essential ethical rules, because the cost of fading to do so might be extremely expensive in fines, loss of licensure, or company status. The economist Milton Friedman was an important advocate of this vision. Other theorists argue that a business has ethical duties that expand well past serving the comfort of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than just following the law. They think a business has ethical responsibilities to supposed stakeholders, people who have a concern in the manner of the business, which might comprise employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. They would state that stakeholders have firm privileges with regard to how the business works, and several would even propose that this even comprise rights of governance. The confirmation and fraction of the problem is the scarcity of data is varied. Surely, people are more aware of ethics in business. There is extra conversation between managers, and a few high-profile cases of companies doing their top to do the correct thing. But what is mainly astonishing is how little things have in reality changed. As ethics codes are commonplace, ethical mores remains all too uncommon. Information on whistleblowers specifies that for the most part are still disliked by their company and aristocracy, with many anguish relegation or absolute job loss. Accounting and responsibility have been the main concerns for restores belief, yet as recently as last quarter, the central accounting supervisory body in the U.S. reported that up to half of the yearly reports for 2004 had severe indiscretion in them. Clients are too sending diverse signals. They are usually smarter regarding ethical reflections yet do not essentially pursue through their concerns or morals in getting decisions. In the U.K., which has perhaps the most developed methods and trainings for business responsibility, sales for ethical brands are exploding, albeit from a tiny base. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility in general designates an enterprise's actions health and safety, ecological protection, customer security, society development, dealer relations, labour protection and personnel practices, as well as strategy sort such as production authority, business morals and stakeholder privileges. Stakeholders and the community in general are more and more aware of the impact of decisions by corporations on community and the surroundings. People recompense or penalize venture according to the means corporation's address commune's challenges. For their part, ventures are even more reaping the profits of corporate social responsibility in terms of enhanced status and branding, superior assessment by the investment community and stronger monetary act and profitability, for instance through eco-efficiency. Milton Friedman Friedman "was the most powerful economist of the second half of the 20th centurypossibly of all of it". (Alan Greenspan) "There are incredibly not many individuals over the generations who contain ideas that are suitably unique to significantly change the way of

Final paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 8

Final paper - Essay Example Natural law is based on the independence of supernatural considerations and natural foundations. Natural law has two perspectives: the transcendental and evolutionary. The due process was developed to ensure that individuals had their rights and freedoms portrayed and that they had a fair trial in defending themselves in the court. The crime control method, was however, implemented to ensure that weak cases were finished up easily and discarded as soon as possible; the model ensures that bigger cases, which are important, would get more attention from the courts thus an earlier conviction (Dautrich and Yalof, 2012). The due process aims to ensure that a person in any contact with a criminal agency cannot have his/her rights refused minus the appropriate applicable legal measures. The basis of this model is that a person has some fundamental rights that are needed to be upheld by a criminal agency. The model has less faith in the justice system compared to the crime control method. However, the model is useful because it controls the forcible powers of the agencies; and if there is an error or mistake, the accused can defend them. Thus, the principal aim of the model is to create a system that the accused is assumed innocent until his/her guilt is proven by the court of law (Dautrich and Yalof 2012). The crime control model condemns a person for performing an action which is perceived to be criminal. The model prioritizes the conviction of individuals who have committed a crime yet they do not want the court system to decide them. The model is focused on conviction and innocent individuals may end up being convicted for the model to achieve its goal. The model comprises of some assumptions: justification of rights for the victimized, heavy dependence on the prosecutorial events and the deduction of guilt (Kraska 2004). The crime model is a conservative

Body Modification through Nutrition and Supplementation Essay

Body Modification through Nutrition and Supplementation - Essay Example However, these illegal supplements are associated with serious adverse effects to the human body with some being lifetime irreversible Clark, Lucett, and Kirkendall argues that Creatine as an ergogenic supplement remains efficient in escalating muscle power and strength in brief, high-intensity exercise sessions that lasts to a period of one minute (Clark, Lucett, and Kirkendall 416). Creatine acts as a nitrogenous organic acid and is imperative as a body energy source due to its ability to increase formation of adenosine triphosphate. Moreover, Creatine can buffer lactic acid build-up, thus possibly delaying fatigue associated with anaerobic activities. Furthermore, caffeine can increase muscle contractility, aerobic endurance and enhance fat metabolism (Plowman and Denise 60). Raven asserts that Beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate helps in preventing breakdown and enhancing synthesis of proteins this helps in improving body composition of the athletes (Raven 419). It also increases the strength of athletes making them more competitive and stronger. Based on American sports medicine advice, Ergogenic doses of caffeine may cause nervousness and restlessness as short-term adverse effects while insomnia, hyperesthesia and heart diseases act as the long-term effects (ACSM 606). Moreover, caffeine and Ephedrine combination effects include tachydia and hypertension, which are adverse to the body. In addition, uses of Creatine supplement increase muscle cramping, are associated with weight gain, and may adversely affect performance of the athlete .Gastrointestinal pain and diarrhea are associated with Creatine use. Protein supplements results in imbalance of amino acid in the body. According to Cobin et al, this imbalance is associated with gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting (Corbin et al., 262) (Clark et al., 365) Besides, the aforementioned effects, the potential health risk associated with supplements according to

Atmosphere and setting in the 19th century stories Essay Example for Free

Atmosphere and setting in the 19th century stories Essay Consider atmosphere and setting in the 19th century stories you have read, and discuss how the authors have created fear and atmosphere. I am going to discuss how three Gothic stories written by authors in the19th century create fear and atmosphere. The three stories which I will be considering are The Monkeys Paw, by WW Jacobs, The Body Snatchers, by Robert Louis Stevenson and also The Signal Man, by Charles Dickens. The gothic genre was very popular in the late 18th and 19th centuries and was a very fashionable aspect of lives in that era. Almost all gothic stories included similar aspects which made the atmosphere spooky and scary. Most gothic stories included elements such as grave yards and dead bodies creating a sense of death and killing of people. The weather in gothic stories is often the kind that scares you for example thunderstorms, fog and almost all gothic stories are set in the dark of the night. Some gothic stories may include a supernatural aspect, curses, spells, wishes, ghosts , this was very popular in this era because the Victorians were very in touch with the supernatural side of their lives and believed strongly in the presence of ghosts and life after death. Gothic stories would usually include elements of surprise and realism to make the story more believable. A gothic story will always be full of suspense and tension to make the reader tenser and frightened as to what is going to come next. The setting of a gothic story was always very important, the setting would usually be in a remote, exotic or isolated setting for example the original story of Frankenstein which was written in the late 18th century by Mary Shelly was set in the Italian alps, a very remote setting which at that time was known to be haunted. Violence, bloodshed and goriness was always included in the gothic genre and was always a large aspect of the story. Gothic stories never included very many characters, this was a way of keeping the story not only short but also more frightening as it is always scarier when you are on your own or in groups of two or three rather than a large group. The Victorian era is famous for its fascination with death and the gruesome. The Victorians believed that people had a good death surrounded by their families, having made their peace with god and resigned themselves to their fate or a bad death, which was sudden. The Victorians also created a huge business around funerals. A grand funeral was a way of showing their wealth and respect. People even had jewellery made with the hair of their loved ones who had died as way of remembering them and to show that they would always be with them. In the late18th and earl 19th centuries medical science made huge advances. However, doctors in training needed corpses to learn from. Often the bodies of hanged criminals were used for this purpose. Despite hanging being a relatively frequent event, the number of bodies available was always too little and the demand for bodies was large. The resurrectionists found a way to make money here, by digging up fresh corpses and selling them to medical schools. This made the rate of bodies for medical use increase; however in 1832 the Autonomy act was passed which meant that any poor who died in the workhouses, and whose bodies remained unclaimed, could also be used for medical use. Until this act was passed people who could afford it would double or triple line their coffins or have strange devices to prevent the lid of the coffins being taken off. The 19th century saw an increase of death rate which meant that there was limited space in the graveyards particularly in the large cities. The church yards became over crowded as a result of this many people began building private walled cemeteries for their families and close friends. The Victorians were all very interested in the supernatural beings. Sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ances became very popular and mediums developed increasingly outrageous techniques to dazzle and confuse their clients. In Victorian England, alongside the developing scientific principles of research and exploration, accusations of witchcraft were still routine and still taken very seriously. As we become more able to make sense of the physical and the touchable, the supernatural and indefinable becomes even more mysterious. One of the Gothic stories I am studying is The Monkeys Paw written by W.W. Jacobs demonstrates elements of the gothic genre. The Monkeys Paw is W.W. Jacobs most famous story and is considered to be a classic of horror fiction. The story opens with the White family spending a cozy evening together around the hearth. An old friend of Mr. Whites comes to visit them. Sergeant-Major Morris, home after more than twenty years in India, entertains his hosts with exotic stories of life abroad. He also sells to Mr. White a mummified monkeys paw, said to have had a spell put on it by a holy man that will grant its owner three wishes. Morris warns the Whites not to wish on it at all-but of course they do, with horrible consequences. Jacobs uses foreshadowing, imagery and symbolism in this story to explore the consequences of tempting fate. His careful, economical creation of setting and atmosphere add suspense to the tale, while his use of dialogue and slang (one of Jacobss trademark) help reade rs to feel that the characters are genuine. The setting of the story is the type which is considered in the elements of the gothic genre. The story is set when there is bad weather and when the wind is blowing very strongly THE NIGHT was cold and wet, showing us the weather is wet and cold, one of the main elements of gothic story writing. The house in which the story is set is in the middle of nowhere of all the beastly, slushy, out-of-the-way places to live in, this is the worst. Telling us that the story is set in a remote and isolated setting with no one else around, they are alone in the dark of the night with the wind howling, Jacobs had set the story well and with detail to the weather and setting of the story, this immediately makes the reader feel as though there is something superstitious going on or is going to happen. When the man arrives at the door, the readers wonder who it is for a while, but that thought is soon put aside when the Monkeys Paw is introduced and we wonder why the man is so unsure about passing it on to anyone, is there something bad about the Monkeys paw? Does it bring bad luck? We never know until the monkeys paw is actually used and we are kept in suspense, not knowing what to expect, the element of suspense in gothic writing is portrayed well in this story. We are told that the monkeys paw must bring something bad when the sergeant major says but I warn you of the consequences. This shows that the monkeys paw must bring some sort of bad luck, some of the suspense is taken away but we are still wondering what these consequences are and what the monkeys paw will bring. Later in the story we hear of what the consequences are and of course they all as gory as each other and all include elements of the Gothic genre which Jacobs has included, Jacobs demonstrates all of the elements of the gothic genre in his story, shows a typical horror and all its elements. The Body Snatchers and The Signal Man are two other gothic stories which also portray the gothic genre and an insight into the history of the Victorians and the way that they treated the dead. The Body snatchers, written by Robert Louis Stevenson, is a story which is set very much around the Victorian era, it is based on body snatching which was largely popular in the 19th Century, and was in great need for medical reasons and research. Stevenson begins by setting the seen and introducing characters. The first paragraph of the story seems very cozy and a regular evening in the pub with the usual four men sitting down having a drink, it is an ordinary occurrence and those four men would always be there every night but blow high , blow low, come rain or snow or frost, we four would each be planted in his own particular armchair Stevenson begins the story on a very ordinary point which seems to be nothing out of the ordinary and the reader doesnt feel like anything suspicious is going on. The characters are introduced in detail, especially Fettes so presumably he is a key character in the story. He is described in a lot of detail and seems to be a man who everyone knows and is a necessity to the village and the pub, everyone knows who he is however we could be superstitious of him when the story states we had no knowledge of his character and antecedents this shows that many people knew of the man but not many people knew how he thought and his history. The only facts known about fettes are random ones e.g he has doctor knowledge, however they know nothing about his history. He doesnt seem trustworthy, he drinks, vices, infidelities. His special knowledge is vague this cold be dangerous. The characters in the story know each other in strange ways- for instance what they drink and how the drink it. What was happening is the pub was a cycle- it happened everyday. The setting in the first paragraph seems too normal something is going to happen. But the beginning of paragraph two One dark winter night sets the familiar Gothic scene, cold, lonely, winter , dark , scary, this builds up tension and we can tell that the story is about to be told and things will begin to become more irregular. There is a break in the routine of the usual nights it was the first time this suggests that something out of the ordinary is going to happen , we dont know exactly what this is but we know that there is a character that the men are unsure of in the pub sick man in the George however when the mans named is mentioned Fettes, who is drunk, suddenly wakes up after hearing it but at the last word he seemed to awaken Fettes and the man are linked how? shows panic , recognition of the name, the other characters and the reader do not know why which shows that fettes will be an important character, Fettes and the man are linked how? Fettes suddenly becomes sober and has sudden movements this shows that fettes is shocked, it is unusual for him to pay so much attention, and the name must have triggered some sort of memory or feeling in him. There is such a change in Fettes character as if a man had risen from the dead this is spooky and makes a connection with the supernatural, things which should no be talked about, this introduces death and fear and is the first part of the story which links to the title. Fettes wants to meet him so he obviously has some sort of connection with him apart from the fact that they are both doctors Doctor has an unknown past this shows that there are many thing which we dont know about Fettes. Fettes knows the doctor well enough to know that he is older than himself however he has led a good life with a good conscience and digestion. Fettes says himself that he has led a life of sin which makes him sound suspicious rum and sin we wonder what life fettes has led, we dont know much about him and nor do the characters, this makes the reader want to read on and find out fettes history and how he know this doctor who has just arrived in the village. The Signal Mans beginning is similar to the beginning of the body snatchers in the way that we are very supersticous of a certain character, the character being the signal man. The story begins in a pleasant way, again with nothing out of the usual happening or anything which could be portrayed as spooky. The location of where the story is set is slightly remote but apart from that there is no other elements of the gothic genre. However the behaviour of the signal man when he is politely question is slightly mysterious. When the narrator calls to him from above the signal man looks in the opposite direction from where the shout of the narrator are coming from instead of looking up looked down the line does this mean that the signal man is expecting a call similar to that of the narrator to come from the direction of the tunnel down the line, the behaviour of the signal mad is odd and makes the reader want to read on in order to find out why. There is a very detailed description of a train which passes, would this mean that part of the story is revolved around trains, how and when they pass the signalman? When the narrator walks down towards the signal man he describes it as unusually precipitate. Clammy stone, that became oozier and wetter as I went down this suggests that it is out of the ordinary and not what was expected it creates and atmosphere of superstition and makes us question what is going to happen next. Is the path created that way for a reason? Or is it just coincidence? The setting is set well and makes the reader intrigued as to why the signal man acted so oddly in front of the narrator, why did the signal man act as thought he expected something to happen, why was he so sacred of the narrator and why did he think the narrator was going to do something to him. Did he have some kind of experience that was similar to this one before? In the Body Snatchers the narrator is a regular in the pub, he knows everyone in the story apart from doctor MacFarlane. The narrators story is one sided, he could have exaggerated the story. He is also a character in the story and has been drinking which could affect the truthfulness of the story being told. The narrator is probably an old man, an alcoholic, who has lived in Debenham most of his life. He looks up to Fettes but is very curious and claims to be good at worming out a story and is also interested in Fettes past and tries to tell the story of Fettes past himself. The narrator doesnt seem to interact with the characters much, he sits and listens attentively, the story being told could be based on his opinion and we dont know his background. He has an over reactive imagination, we assume he is a man. Suspense at the end of the story builds up rapidly until it is released on the last word, but we find that the narrator jumps to conclusions by judging characters however he is quite well educated. The narrator in The Signal man is very much a main character in the story and is found slightly mysterious as well, to the point that no one knows why he was looking down on the signal man in the first place. The narrator seems to be a very curious character, he leads us to think that he had something to find out when asking the signal man questions because he is so interested and almost intrigued into the signal mans life story. The narrator seems to have some kind of supernatural connection with the signal man especially towards the end of the book when he some how knows that the train is coming and that the signal man has to get out of the way of the incoming train. We dont know why or how the narrator gets to talk to the signal man and we dont know any of his background apart from the fact that he has studied medicines and is well educated. He is a mystery to the audience. The characters featured in the body snatchers are slightly mysterious we dont find out much about each character, especially their backgrounds, we dont know whether we can trust them. One of the most mysterious characters in the Body Snatchers would have to be Fettes. We dont find out much about fettes character arent cant be sure whether we trust him or not. We are not given any background knowledge about him, although we find that he is known in Debenham as Doctor because he had some special knowledge in medicine. We find out that he drinks a lot and is known well in the pub, mainly for the amount that he did drink, most people knew what he drank and knew that the arm chair in the corner of the George was his spot. Although we know these small things about him he is still a mystery, as the narrator says beyond these slight particulars we had no knowledge of his character and antecedents, he is a mysterious character. He becomes even more mysterious when Doctor Wolfe Macfarlane enters the scenes we begin to think that there is a lot more to know about him than he lets on ..you would think I was some good, old, decent Christian, would you not? But no, not I; this shows us that there is in fact a lot more to be known about Fettes than we think and he is a very mysterious character we are led to think that he has some kind of deep secret that is maybe very sinful. We think that the secret could be sinful because he says people think he is a good Christian, followed by But no, not I; Fettes expresses little emotion throughout the first couple of paragraphs until he hears Macfarlanes name, when he suddenly becomes sober and shocked this shows that he has obviously got some hidden facts about him. He shows us that he is full of emotion when he is shown as getting very worried and anxious when he doesnt drink his usual five glasses of rum and couldnt even finish his third he proves be very serious. Fettes also turns out to be less wicked than Macfarlane, which is unexpected, when he begins to feel guilty about people being killed for their bodies, he finds himself feeling regretful and scared. He also shows horrified and panic feelings when he sees the corpse of some one he knew, this shows to us that he does have feeling and can show his emotions and express them, he seems to be more respectable person than we first imagined when the narrator begins to make us feel sorry for him, the narrator does this by talking about how fettes didnt realise what he was doing and what was happening and when he did find out, he was horrified and shocked. He also becomes offended when Wolfe offers him money this emphasised the fact that hes a very proud person and doesnt like to be pity and also the fact of how much he disliked Wolfe. We as the readers learn to trust fettes because he doesnt seem like a particularly bad person and he reacts t o events that happen in the way that wed expect a good trustworthy person to react. The undertaker in the story is a mysterious character as not much is told about him and he isnt talked about much, only in the beginning. He shows emotion (shock) when he hears that Fettes knows the doctor do you know him doctor asked the undertaker with a gasp. we know here that the undertaker is shocked and slightly taken back because it says that the undertaker gasped, showing that he was shocked to hear this and wanted to find out how and why fettes knew this man. We cannot completely trust the undertaker as we dont know anything about him; he could be anyone with any background, good or bad. Macfarlane is also a particularly mysterious character a snot much is said about him at the start and not much is said about his past, for this reason he also seems Un- trustful and when he is described as being bald, dirty, pimpled and wearing an old cloak he doesnt seem the sort of man who you could rust him seems like a bit of a freak and is probably seen as a bit of a threat to other characters in the story. He also portrays many of the characteristics of an evil man in the gothic genre which encourages us, the readers to feel that he is a threat and has come into the story to create a spooky atmosphere and prepare for what is ahead, he obviously lets us know that Fettes secrets would soon be reviled and the mysteries haunting the characters and questioning the readers would no longer be secrets or mysteries any longer. At the beginning when Dr MacFarlane first enters the pub Fettes reaction this leads us to believe that Macfarlane is not a good person and is probably going to ring bad happenings, Fettes reaction gives us a reason not to trust him and also brings more mystery about him into the story because he is obviously here for reason and this reason is most likely to be about Fettes as Fettes is the only person in the George who actually recognises him name. The doctor shows a lot of emotion when he first sees fettes but also acts in a weird way in a startled whisper,. as though he is trying to hide from someone because he keeps whispering and checking behind his shoulder, acting as thought he doesnt want anyone to know who he is, but is also happy to see fettes I am overjoyed, overjoyed to have this opportunity. He shows that he is offended when Fettes doesnt take the money which is offered a horrible, ugly look came .. this shows he was offended and gave Fettes a dirty look which he slowly got over and made the best of the situation by almost apologising but keeping the offer of money still open to Fettes I will leave you my address however did he says this in case fettes would need money later on? Therefore still leaving the offer open. The Narrator also affects our views on Macfarlane by making the reader dislike him even more by his sneering and growling like these were evil things to do also the way in which he is described makes us think that he is evil and just around to cause trouble. When fettes says that man Macfarlane is not safe to cross; those that have done so already have repented it too late this makes the audience feel that Macfarlane is a very dangerous person and that people should stay away from him. He is not trustworthy and doesnt seem like a nice person. Gray or the stranger is a mysterious character as he is described as strange all we know as the audience is that he is one of MacFarlanes friends, we cant trust him as he is described as course, vulgar and stupid which is an affect that the narrator has on the audience view of this character. He shows his emotion by being bossy and nasty to Wolfe which encourages Wolfe to be more angry and threatening than he is originally. The narrator describes him as a very loathsome rogue, making readers think he again is not trustworthy and not a nice or good person. In the Signal man there are only two main characters, the signal man and the narrator , the signal man and the narrator are both main characters in the story and both of there characteristics can be considered. The signal man is a very mysterious man, when the narrator who is a main character, comes to see him the signal man seems very uptight and worried; he also seems very suspicious and looks as though hes feeling guilty about something. We think this because as soon as the signal man here the narrator shouting to him at the beginning he doesnt look towards the narrator but towards the tunnel on the tracks as though something is there that he needs to keep an eye or to signal to whoever or whatever it was in the tunnel to go away, someone is here. The signal mans reaction to the narrator makes I feel very suspicious and worried for the narrator as the signal man was behaving so oddly. We could also have reason to be suspicious when the narrator states .something in the man that daunted me. This is off putting to the audience as they believe the narrator, there for think that the signal man is a threat and dangerous. Although we dont find out much about the signal man we do know that he was well educated and study science, however he wasted that chance. The signal man doesnt show much emotion towards the narrator, its only when he begins to talk about what he has been through and why he looked towards the tunnel when he heard the narrator calling when he shows the emotion of being scared and confused, he doesnt know what is going on so doesnt know what to do about it. We cannot trust the signal man because we dont know who he is and whether when he tells these stories he is telling the truth or lying to try and play the narrator into some sort of trick. However because the narrator is telling the story we are forced into believing in the same views as the narrator has. The narrator is a main character in the story and so is entitled to have a one sided opinion, if he were looking at the story from our own point of view of the signal mans point of view we may see the narrator and the signal man from a new perspective and from a different angle which could change our views dramatically on whether or not the signal man is strange and mysterious and whether he is trustworthy or not. The narrator in the story is also a mystery to us; we dont know anything about his background or his life. It is also mystery as to why he went to the railway track and wanted to speak to the signal man in the first place, does it have anything to do with the story line or is it just coincidence? We are forced into trusting the narrator because he is the one telling the story so we believe that he has the answers to everything but in fact we probably shouldnt believe him because he is just as much of a mystery to us as The signal man is, we dont know anymore about the narrator than we do the signal man in fact we probably know more about the signal than the narrator. The narrator shows quite a lot of emotion, especially the end of the story when the signal man is killed, the end shows us that the narrator really did care, not only because he was upset when he found that the signal man was killed but also because even from a distance, and not being able to see what was happening he knew what was going on, it was like something supernatural was going on and he subconsciously knew that the signal man was in trouble and that those words halloa! Below there! had been said one last time and the result this time was the death of the signal man. The setting in gothic stories is a very important factor, this is because the setting in a gothic story is what gives it its atmosphere, if the story was set in the summer in the day time on a bright cheerful day, not many people would find it frightening but if the story was set in the dead of night on a long cold winters night an audience would find the atmosphere a lot more spooky. In the body snatchers we are not immediately hit with a description of the setting which creates atmosphere but one which sets the scene, once the scene is set Stevenson begins to create a spooky atmosphere. At the beginning there is a mention of rain, snow and frost which indicate s a dreary setting, the setting cant just indicate the atmosphere but also the moods of the characters, this particular setting portrays the characters as rather weary and lethargic. Stevenson makes the event seem much more normal so he can build it up further and makes it more dramatic. one dark winter night creates and atmosphere and shows us that its no ordinary night it is one dark winters night making the audience think it is out of the ordinary, it had struck nine this emphasises the fact that it is late and getting dark. This shows a sense of mystery, which builds up suspense within the audience. It creates an eerie feeling and also highlights the fact the characters are in a dreary mood, a sense of insecurity that something is going to happen. An inn gives us an idea of normality and security, the loud of an inn highlights a friendly, welcoming place. There was not much light in the George which gave us a mysterious feeling, a gloomy and dreary sense of insecurity. The presence of so many witnesses at the George shows that there was a lot of people in the inn and the fact that there was a big red fire and candles gave a sense of warmth and security and makes the audience feel that they are in a cosy, safe environment this makes the setting seem less frightening, Stevenson could of done this so that when something big and frightening did happen it would seem a lot more dramatic. At four in the morning this indicates the beginning of a new story. The time gives a feeling of mystery, darkness and suspense; it leads the audience to feel curiosity. Later on in the story when things begin to pick up and settings are describe in much more detail which creates a lot more spookiness for the audience and makes the plot more frightening. Stevenson uses the settings to create a sense of insecurity and to make the story seem more dramatic and increase tension and fear. the lights, the fire, the beating rain upon the window, the cold incongruous work that lay before them this for instance emphasises the fact that it is winter and the wind is howling, it creates a gloomy atmosphere and makes the reader tense and in fear of what is to come next. The setting in the signal man is less spooky than that of the body snatchers although it also portrays most of the gothic story characteristics. The signal man is set in a remote place in the middle of the countryside in a deep trench where little people go or visit, the signal mans only company are the trains that pass him every so often. The fact that there is a very dark tunnel lose by adds to this sense of spookiness and gives the audience ideas and superstitions as to why he keeps looking at this dark, black hole. The setting in the signal man doest change in the ay that the body snatchers does and isnt focussed so much on making the story frightening by the atmosphere, settings and surroundings but by the supernatural presence which is in the air, this is what the author uses to make the story gothic and frightening, he know that this will scar the readers because at the time when the story was written supernatural beings and happenings were very popular and believed it to a large extent, this made the setting of the signal man that bit more believable and realistic, increasing how dramatic it was therefore making it more and tense and frightening. The language used in gothic stories is always very important because it describes things happening helping to build tension, suspense and fear to the stories. In the body snatchers the language is very formal, 19th century language, sometimes Archaic language is used in places e.g. begone, where I cast it, lucre this adds to the atmosphere of the gothic century. The verbs which Stevenson uses suggest strong emotions especially of fear and wickedness staggered, startled, dashed, fled, cried, despised and desecrate, forced, torn , leaped and terrified all of these make the emotions stand out more in a gothic way. Stevenson also tended to use descriptive and nominal groups often to suggest the terrifying or evil for example disreputable vices, fleeting infidelities, sudden emotion, gasp, awful pause abdominal ruffians. The language is always used to set the scene, for example, one dark winter night. It is written in formal language and there is no slang. The language used is very descriptive and appearances are described in detail his eyes awoke; his voice became clear, loud and steady. When a character says something, the author Robert Louis Stevenson describes how they said it and often uses other verbs such as cried or repeated this brings variety into the language which he uses and keeps the audience a lot more interested in the story. He uses lots of descriptive language. Theres more adjectives and descriptive writing than dialogue which heightens the suspense, also helping to create a picture in the readers mind. Stevenson uses lots of dramatic language to increase suspense, a horrible sense of blackness and the treachery of fate seized hold upon the soul of a unhappy student the language is also very complex which adds to the effect and makes the story more spooky. Gruesome language and alliteration towards the end makes the story more dramatic e.g. despise and desecrate, world of wet. Corpses are described in many different ways tragic burden, ghastly packages this adds variety and also makes it more gruesome than it already is. Stevenson seems to like using similes they make things more realistic as if a man had risen from the dead, as two vultures may swoop upon a dying lamb all of these also makes the story more personal and makes it easier to imagine. The language in the signal man is formal and not much slang is used, this makes the story more realistic. There is lots of descriptive writing for example . A clammy stone which became oozier and wetter as I went down Dickens tends to use rather complex language which could confuse the character but does show that it is a rather complex story line which it is and questions are left unanswered e.g. precipitate, terminating, barbarous, perused, and saturnine Not so much gruesome language is used in the signal man because it is not a tale of gruesomeness but one of the supernatural beings, there is no need for gruesomeness but for using the supernatural realm to scare readers and make them feel threatened, uptight and to build tension. Dickens chooses the words he uses to describe things very carefully as to get the full effect of what is trying to say into words. This helps the audience to imagine what is going on, dickens does this well as it is very easy for the audience to imagine what is going on in the story and picture what is going on in their minds. Overall I would say that both The Body Snatchers and The Signal Man create fear and suspense: The body snatchers is a story based on true people , Berk and Hare, which make it more believable and realistic and the way that it is written helps to create fear and suspense and to fit into the gothic genre of story writing. It successfully creates fear using its gruesome similes and metaphors, the story line and how the characters are so unpredictable and mysterious; you get worried as to what the characters are going to do next and what other dark secrets they are going to pull out of their closets. The way that Stevenson opens the story is good because it is innocent and creates a more dramatic build up, suspense making the audience tenser and making them want to read on in fear of what might happen. The Signal Man is very different to The Body Snatchers; this is because it is based on a completely different aspect of gothic writing, not the gruesomeness but the supernatural side of gothic writing. This could be seen as more frightening than the body snatchers because supernatural beings were know as being evil, the devil or for having powers which could not be defeated by any human being. The Victorian period was known for having a deep interest supernaturalism which makes the story more realistic to people of that time. Suspense is create well in the story because we as the audience know that the being is going to appear three times but the narrator doesnt so the audience are sat waiting for it to happen while the characters ponder on what is going on, it creates a lot of tension on the audiences behalf and also creates fear. I preferred reading the story of The Body Snatchers because I thought it was a lot more realistic and I could relate it directly to something that happened in history, Berk and Hare, I also thought that it was easy to understand and didnt leave so many unanswered questions like The Signal Man did, I like a story that has a direct, understandable finish, in the signal man you dont actually find out who or what it was that was calling the signal man because eventually the signal man is killed of and the story is left unanswered, I think it Is much more effective to finish a story with no lose ends because then the reader can be satisfied that a conclusion has been reached. The body snatchers was also a more thrilling read and I think that it created fear more successfully than The signal man this could have been because it was set in different places which were isolated and remote and was also set at night when it was dark, the weather was bad whereas in the signal it was set in the day still in a remote place but no reference to the weather was made. Overall I thought that The Body Snatchers had a better and more interesting storyline which one could relate to more easily.